Metastatic Breast Cancer: Be Heard

Photo Credit: FatCamera / Getty Images

Yale School of Medicine

Northwestern Medicine Cancer Center Delnor

Moffitt Cancer Center

SOURCES:

Andrea Silber, MD, assistant clinical director for health equity and diversity, Yale Cancer Center and Smilow Cancer hospital; professor of clinical medicine (medical oncology), Yale School of Medicine.

Christine Ko, MD, professor of dermatology and pathology, Yale School of Medicine.

Avan Armaghani, MD, assistant member, Department of Breast Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center.

Grace Suh, MD, medical director, Northwestern Medicine Cancer Center Delnor.

American Association for Cancer Research: “AACR Cancer Disparities Progress Report.”

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology: “Health and Racial Disparity in Breast Cancer.”

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment: “Racial/ethnic differences in the outcomes of patients with metastatic breast cancer: contributions of demographic, socioeconomic, tumor and metastatic characteristics.”

Frontiers in Oncology: “A Review of Research on Disparities in the Care of Black and White Patients With Cancer in Detroit.”

JAMA Internal Medicine: “Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Outpatient Visit Rates Across 29 Specialties.”

JAMA Network Open: “Assessment of Racial Disparities in Primary Care Physician Specialty Referrals.”

Population Research and Policy Review: “Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Insurance Coverage: Dynamics of Gaining and Losing Coverage over the Life-Course.”

Journal of Clinical Oncology: “The Effects of Oncologist Implicit Racial Bias in Racially Discordant Oncology Interactions.”

Frontiers in Public Health: “Racial Disparities in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Review of the Role of Biologic and Non-Biologic Factors.”

Breastcancer.org: “Options for People Without Health Insurance,” “Where Should I Go for a Second Opinion.”

American Medical Association: “Reducing disparities in health care.”

HHS.gov: “Civil Rights — Health Disparities,” “Civil Rights – Limited English Proficiency (LEP).”

American Economic Review: “Does Diversity Matter for Health? Experimental Evidence from Oakland.”

National Cancer Institute: “Find a Cancer Center.”